Agroecological Restoration Practices for Enhancing Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes

Agricultural intensification has significantly contributed to global biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and declining ecological resilience. Simplified monocultures, excessive agrochemical use, habitat fragmentation, and soil degradation have reduced species richness and disrupted ecosystem services essential for sustainable food production. Agroecological restoration offers a holistic framework for reversing biodiversity decline while maintaining agricultural productivity. By integrating ecological principles into farming systems, agroecological practices such as diversified cropping systems, agroforestry, cover cropping, habitat corridors, organic soil management, and reduced chemical inputs enhance functional biodiversity across multiple trophic levels. These approaches promote pollinator abundance, natural pest regulation, soil microbial diversity, and landscape connectivity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on agroecological restoration strategies, their ecological mechanisms, and their contributions to biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. It also examines socioeconomic drivers, policy frameworks, and implementation challenges that influence large-scale adoption. Evidence indicates that agroecological restoration not only enhances species richness but also strengthens ecosystem services, climate resilience, and long-term food security. By bridging conservation and production goals, agroecology represents a viable pathway toward regenerative agricultural systems capable of sustaining both biodiversity and human livelihoods.