Wildlife Diversity of Jammu Region with Recent Trends in Conservation and Biodiversity Management

The Jammu region, located in the southern part of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, possesses remarkable biological diversity owing to its unique geographical location, varied topography, diverse climatic conditions, and wide altitudinal gradients. The region encompasses subtropical forests, temperate forests, alpine meadows, wetlands, riverine ecosystems, and mountainous landscapes that support a rich assemblage of flora and fauna. Numerous mammalian species, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates inhabit these ecosystems, including several endangered, endemic, and globally significant wildlife species. However, increasing anthropogenic pressures, habitat fragmentation, climate change, deforestation, illegal hunting, invasive species, and unplanned developmental activities pose serious threats to biodiversity conservation. Protected areas, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves, and community participation have become integral components of biodiversity management in the region. This review summarizes the wildlife diversity of the Jammu region, major ecosystems, faunal richness, protected area networks, recent conservation initiatives, biodiversity management strategies, existing challenges, and future directions for sustainable wildlife conservation.